Bridging Continents: Inbound Investment from China to Australia

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  • Report
  • 10 minute read
  • September 01, 2025

Chinese inbound investment in Australia has been a cornerstone of the modern Australia-China economic relationship. Over the past decade, it has experienced both significant opportunities and challenges, evolving from China becoming Australia’s largest foreign investor during the 2015–2016 period to a marked decline in subsequent years due to shifting geopolitical dynamics and changing investment priorities. What remains unchanged, however, are the clear economic complementarities between the two nations, which continue to offer abundant opportunities for Chinese businesses in Australia.

 

This report highlights the multifaceted nature of Chinese investments in the Australian economy over the years, emphasising their impact and contribution across various industry sectors of the Australian economy.

Snapshot of China's Inbound Activities in Australia

261

Closed deals (2014-2025 YTD)

28.7%

Investment in Energy, Utilities and Resources

10th

Foreign investment ranking (ABS, 2024)*

* Includes direct, portfolio and other types of investment.

China's Outbound Investment by Destination

  • In 2023, Hong Kong SAR was the leading destination for Chinese companies, attracting US$108.8 billion in overseas investments. Singapore followed with US$13.1 billion, while the Cayman Islands received US$8.7 billion. Overall, China’s Overseas Direct Investments (ODI) reached US$177.2 billion in 2023, reflecting an 8.7% increase from US$163.1 billion in 2022.
  • In 2023, China’s (ODI) was spread across 18 sectors of the national economy. Nearly 80% of the total investment was concentrated in leasing and business services, wholesale and retail, manufacturing, and finance. The construction industry and the information transmission/software and information technology services sectors saw significant increases, with growth rates of 97.2% and 34.9%, respectively.
  • China’s ODI highlights a significant shift in its ODI landscape. While traditional destinations such as the United States, the European Union, and Australia experienced a decline in inflows, China has increasingly redirected its focus towards emerging markets, especially in Southeast Asia and Africa, where investments have seen substantial growth.
  • China’s ODI is driven by the need for global expansion as its domestic market matures and competition intensifies, alongside a slowing economy that pushes companies to seek new growth opportunities and economic integration.
  • Rising geopolitical tensions, trade disputes with major economies, and the need to mitigate operational risks have further accelerated outbound investments, as market diversification helps reduce reliance on any single region.
  • With a focus on sustainable development goals and green technology, China is solidifying its role in the global energy transition. However, growing international competition may shape the future of its ODI strategy. Supported by government initiatives, corporate ambition, and rising global demand for infrastructure and capital, outward investments will continue to be a central element of China’s international strategy.

Key Statistics (2023)

US$177.2 billion
Overseas direct investment

US$54.1 billion​
Leasing and Business service

US$38.8 billion
Wholesale and Retail trade

US$27.3 billion
Manufacturing

China's Inbound Investment in Australia

Key Highlights

  • Number of Deals: China’s inbound investment in Australia reached its peak during the 2015-2016 period but has steadily declined since then, culminating in only 6 deals in 2024. Between 2014 and 2024, a total of 261 closed deals were recorded, with investment activity diminishing progressively over the years.
  • Investment Value:  China’s inbound investment in Australia peaked during 2015–2016, with 2016 recording the highest deal value of A$17.6 billion. However, investment has steadily declined over the years in both the volume of deals and their overall value, dropping to just five deals worth A$629 million in 2024, reflecting a shift in investment priorities.
  • Shifting Investment Trends: China’s inbound investment in Australia remains subdued, with declines across key sectors like commercial real estate and mining, reflecting a broader contraction in China's outbound investment. An increasing amount of Chinese capital is now being directed towards BRI-associated countries, with BRI-related investments reaching a historic peak in 2024. Despite low M&A confidence in Australia, interest in greenfield investments especially in EVs, PV modules, batteries, and industrial machinery is rising due to their lower risk and long-term potential.​

  • Key Sectors: China’s inbound M&A activity in Australia over the past decade covered a range of industry sectors, with the EUR sector leading at 28.7% of closed deals, totalling A$11.2 billion. The Retail & Consumer sector follows closely at 23.4%, with A$10.6 billion in deal value. Industrials stand out with the highest deal value of A$15.4 billion, despite accounting for only 13.4% of transactions. Real Estate, Health, TMT, and Financial sectors also saw significant activity, reflecting China's strategic interest in varied industries.​

Major Deals by Sectors

Tech, Media & Telecom

Tech, Media & Telecom sector completed deals

In the Tech, Media & Telecom sector in Australia, there were 14 M&A deals with investments from China in the past decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.

An investor group

Culture Amp

Tencent Holdings Ltd

LEGO Ventures A/S

Silver Glory Group Limited

Pintec Technology Holdings Ltd

IPV Capital LP

Sequoia Capital China

Val Morgan Outdoor (VMO)

GCL System Integration Technology Co., Ltd

Wanda Cinema Line Co., Ltd

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Industrials & Logistics

Industrials & Logistics sector completed deals

In the Industrials sector in Australia, there were 35 M&A deals with investment from China in the past decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.​​

Shanghai Sparkedge Private Equity Fund Management Co Ltd

JD.com Inc

Mitchells Equipment (Nanjing) Co.,Ltd

Hangzhou GreatStar Industrial Co. Ltd

Silk Road Logistics Holdings Ltd

VNTR XXI Holdings Ltd

China Education Group Holdings Limited

Greentown Service Group Co. Ltd

Dian An Zhu (Dian)

Nanshan Group Co., Ltd

Aotecar New Energy Technology Co Ltd

CCCC International Holding Limited

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Retail & Consumer

Retail & Consumer sector completed deals

There were 61 inbound investments from China in the Retail & Consumer sector in the last decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.​

China Tourism Group Co Ltd

Tianyu Wool Industry Zhangjiagang Free Trade Zone Co Ltd

Beijing Hosen Investment Management Center LP, New Hope Holding Group Co Ltd

Cosmic Eagle Ltd

China Mengniu Dairy

By-health Co., Ltd

New Hope Group Co., Ltd.

Biostime International Holdings Limited

Humanwell Healthcare (Group) Co., Ltd

SIIC Medical Science and Technology

Biostime International Holdings Ltd

Wanda Cinema Line Co Ltd

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Financials

Financials sector completed deals

In the Financial sector in Australia, there were 7 M&A deals with investments from China in the past decade..

JingDong Property Inc

Ebang International Holdings Inc

Tencent Holdings

Yunnan Copper Co., Ltd

China Reinsurance (Group) Corp

Shanghai Illuminera Marketing Strategy Consulting Co., Ltd

China Construction Bank Corporation

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Healthcare

Healthcare sector completed deals

In the Healthcare sector in Australia, there were 19 M&A deals with investments from China in the past decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.

Hillhouse Investment Management Ltd

NanoMab Technology Ltd

Yongji Printing Co., Ltd

We Doctor Group Limited

China Pioneer Pharma Holdings Ltd

CDH Investments

Hengkang Medical Group Co., Ltd.

Healthe Care Australia Pty Ltd

Luye Medical Group

Jangho Group Co., Ltd

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Energy, Utilities & Resources

Energy, Utilities & Resources sector completed deals

In the Energy, Utilities and Resources sector in Australia, there were 75 M&A deals with investment from China in the past decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.

Fujian Yongfu Power Engineering Co Ltd and Fusion Source Energy Pty Ltd

Ganzhou Chenguang Rare Earth New Material Co Ltd

JCHX Mining Management Co., Ltd.

Wanguo International Mining Group Limited

Beijing Energy International

Inner Mongolia Huineng Coal & Electricity Group Yulin Baoneng Mining Co., Ltd

Zhaojin Mining Industry Co Ltd

Hainan Mining Co., Ltd

Shandong Gold Mining Co., Ltd

Xinhai Investment Limited

ENN Ecological Holdings Co Ltd

State Power Investment Corporation (SPIC)

Guangdong Rising Assets Management Co., Ltd

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Key Investment Sectors

Energy, Utilities & Resources Sector

  • Over the past decade, the Energy, Utilities & Resources (EUR) sector has been the primary focus for Chinese investors in Australia, receiving A$11.2 billion, or 28.7% of total investment value. Activity peaked in 2015 (A$4.7 billion across 10 deals) but sharply declined, hitting a low in 2020 (deals, A$615.9 million). The last five years reflect reduced deal values and volumes due to stricter regulations, geopolitical tensions, and China's evolving investment priorities.​

  • Major Chinese M&A deals in Australia's Energy, Utilities & Resources sector include SPIC’s (State Power InvestmentCorporation) A$3 billion acquisition of Pacific Hydro (renewables), Guangdong Rising’s A$1.1 billion takeover of PanAust (mining), and ENN Energy’s A$1 billion acquisition of Santos (natural gas). These deals reflect China's strategy to secure energy assets, expand globally, and enhance sustainability.

Retail & Consumer Sector

  • Chinese M&A activity in Australia’s Retail & Consumer sector has experienced fluctuating deal volumes and values over the past decade, with peak years in 2015 (A$3.5 billion) and 2017 (A$2.2 billion), fueled by several large-scale acquisitions.
  • Deal activity declined significantly after 2019, with only a few deals per year and notably low deal values in 2020 and 2021. Overall, the sector attracted A$10.6 billion across 61 deals, with a sharp slowdown in recent years.​

  • Major Chinese M&A deals in Australia’s Retail & Consumer sector include Mengniu’s A$1.4 billion acquisition of Bellamy’s, Wanda’s A$1 billion buyout of Hoyts, and New Hope Group’s A$1 billion purchase of Real Pet Food. These deals drove expansion in high-growth consumer markets and strengthened China's global presence.

Key Enablers and Linkages

Trade Relations

China remained Australia's largest trading partner in 2023-24, accounting for 26% of total trade, with two-way trade reaching A$325 billion. Australian exports to China totaled A$212.7 billion, driven by a 42.3% rise in services exports due to increased personal travel and student returns. Meanwhile, China’s exports to Australia stood at US$73.8 billion, led by electrical equipment, machinery, vehicles, furniture, and plastics.

The China Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA)

The China–Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA), effective from 20 December 2015, lowers tariffs and removes trade barriers, boosting trade and investment. A high utilisation rate (the highest amongst all of Australia’s FTAs) on both sides has bolstered  Australia’s export competitiveness, drove Chinese investment in key sectors within Australia, and further strengthened bilateral economic ties.

China-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership

The China-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, established in 2014, enhances collaboration in trade, politics, and cultural exchanges. It prioritises mutual respect and promotes economic growth, regular political dialogues, and people-to-people connections. The partnership also supports cooperation in global platforms such as the G20 and APEC.

National Foundation for Australia-China Relations

The Foundation's grant program promotes cooperation between Australia and mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. It focuses on fostering connections, showcasing excellence, building engagement capabilities, addressing climate change, and supporting key industries, with up to A$7 million in annual funding.

Potential Headwinds and Tailwinds

Headwinds

Australia’s enhanced focus on foreign investment, including from China, has introduced additional layers of oversight that have affected the level of deal activity.  The 2020 Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB) reform established mandatory national security reviews and more stringent threshold for state-associated investors.  While these measures aim to safeguard Australia’s national interests, they have also led to increased procedural complexity and extended approval timelines, contributing to a more cautious investment environment.

China’s global outbound investment is increasingly focused on Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries, which now account for over 20% of its total ODI, a record high. As China shifts its BRI investments from infrastructure and resource extraction to processing sectors, this could pose competitive challenges for Australia, particularly in industries like nickel, where it has traditionally attracted investment.

China’s economic slowdown, combined with trade tensions with Australia in recent years, has led to a decline in investment. The imposition of tariffs and other trade restrictions imposed by the US recently has created a volatile economic environment, making Australia a less predictable and attractive destination for Chinese capital. This uncertainty around bilateral trade relations has made it more difficult for Chinese companies to assess long-term returns and commit to new investments.

Tailwinds

There is a growing interest in greenfield investments from China, especially in sectors such as EVs, solar panels, batteries and industrial machinery.  This trend is underpinned by the view that greenfield projects carry lower initial financial risks while providing greater potential for substantial long-term returns.

The renewed diplomatic engagement between China and Australia since late 2022 has eased trade tensions and restored trust, creating a more favorable environment for Chinese investment. The lifting of key trade restrictions (on coal, timber, barley, and potentially wine) signals the normalisation of economic ties. High-level dialogues and official visits reflect both nations’ commitment to stability and deeper cooperation, boosting investor confidence and paving the way for future Chinese investments in Australia.

The growing Chinese diaspora in Australia supports increased Chinese investment by offering cultural familiarity, business networks, and local market insights. This community boosts investor confidence and helps ease cross-border transactions. Strong diaspora ties also enhance bilateral business connections, especially in sectors like real estate, retail, and education. Overall, it acts as a catalyst for deeper economic engagement between the two countries.

2025 - MoU on Implementation and Review of China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA)

The MoU signed on July 15, 2025, focuses on reviewing the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) for its tenth anniversary. It aims to enhance the agreement by identifying areas for deepening liberalisation and expanding market access, underscoring the ChAFTA's role in removing trade barriers and promoting mutual economic growth.

2025  - MoU on Tourism Cooperation

Signed between the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and China's Ministry of Culture and Tourism, this MoU aims to boost tourism exchanges and cooperation, fostering closer people-to-people ties.

 

2025 - MoU on Paperless Certification of Agricultural and Food Products

This MoU aims to modernize trade processes through paperless certification, enhancing efficiency and reliability in agricultural and food product exports between the two countries.

2025 - Strategic Cooperation Agreement Between China Media Group and Tourism Australia

This agreement focuses on promoting tourism through media collaboration, leveraging both countries’ media platforms to enhance visibility and tourism activities.

2024 - Enhancing the Implementation of the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement in 2024-25

The MoU aims to enhance the implementation of the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) during 2024-25. It focuses on strengthening cooperation, resolving concerns, exchanging data, and holding regular meetings of subsidiary committees and the Joint Commission to improve trade and investment ties.

2024 - Strategic Economic Dialogue MoU

Signed on 17 June 2024, the MoU re-establishes the Australia-China Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED) as an annual ministerial forum. It promotes cooperation on macroeconomic policies, fiscal reforms, and investment trends. The agreement runs for five years with automatic five-year renewals.

2024 - MoU with China on cooperation in Education and Research

The 2024 MoU between China and Australia aims to boost cooperation in education and research through academic exchanges, joint research, and student mobility, strengthening ties between universities and research institutions.

2024 - Climate Change Cooperation MoU

The Climate Change Cooperation MoU between Australia and China, signed in June 2024, focuses on joint efforts to combat climate change. It emphasises sharing policies, advancing renewable energy technologies, and promoting climate resilience. The MoU aims to strengthen collaboration in emissions reduction and support global climate goals.

2024 - Australia's National Measurement Institute (NMI) MoU with China’s National Institute of Metrology (NIM)

Australia’s NMI and China’s NIM signed an MoU to strengthen cooperation in scientific and industrial metrology. The agreement focuses on sharing technical expertise, conducting joint R&D, and promoting mutual recognition of measurement standards. It aims to enhance measurement consistency and support trade between the two countries.

2023 - 2024 Australia-China ACCC-SAMR Competition Cooperation MoU

The MoU between the AustralianCompetition and ConsumerCommission (ACCC) and the StateAdministration for Industry andCommerce (SAMR) aims to strengthen collaboration on competition policy and enforcement. It emphasises sharing information, coordinating investigations, and promoting mutual understanding. The agreement seeks to address anti-competitive practices and ensure fair market competition in both Australia and China.

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